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The Good Friday Prayer for the Jews is an annual prayer in the Christian, particularly Roman Catholic, liturgy. It is one of several petitions made in the Good Friday Mass. Its origins lie in the Tridentine Mass, which dates back to 1570. ==Background== Norman Roth describes how Good Friday-Easter week in medieval Europe was a time of dread for the "perfidis Judaeis" (the faithless Jews) who would often come under attack.〔Roth p. 132〕 He reports Msg. Oesterreicher as arguing, with some support from others, that the term "pro perfidis judaeis" in the Good Friday liturgy did not mean perfidious but rather "unfaithful, non-believer". Roth concludes however, that "one cannot deny" that the term attributes to Jews willful obstinacy in the face of truth.〔Roth p. 168〕 In the early 1920s the missionary organisation Society of Friends of Israel requested that the phrase "perfidious Jews" be removed from the liturgy.〔"''This Europe: Letters reveal Auschwitz victim's plea to Pope Pius XI"'', The Independent, 21 February 2003, retrieved 2 July 2009 ()〕 Pope Pius XI was reportedly strongly in favour of the reforms and asked the Congregation of Rites to review the matter. Cardinal Schuster, who was among the Friends of Israel, was appointed to monitor this issue. The Roman Curia, however, is reported to have reacted very negatively to the proposal on the basis that if one change was made to the old liturgy it would open the door to other such proposals. The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith decided to dissolve the association (25 March 1928).〔Information taken from cited article on Italian Wikipedia dated 20 June 2009, retrieved 5 July 2009 ()〕 After World War II, Eugenio Zolli, the former Chief Rabbi of Rome and a convert to Roman Catholicism, asked Pope Pius XII to excise from the Good Friday liturgy the adjective "perfidus" in relation to the Jews. The Pope responded with a public declaration that in Latin "perfidus" means "unbelieving", not "treacherous". He could do no more at that time.〔Zolli, Miriam. ("My Father Never Stopped Being a Jew" ), ''Inside the Vatican''. Accessed July 6, 2010. The interview with ''Il Giornale'' cited in this article appeared in the 31 issue (not 21 as the article says) of March 1998.〕 Fifteen years later, that change was made by Pope John XXIII.〔 Catholic historian Warren H. Carroll asserts:
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